* Classic Approach (the classical Approaches)
figures that play a role in this genre include:
Robert Owen
Robert owen was the one who opposed the hiring practices of children age 5 or 6 years and standard of work 13 hours a day. Owen increase working conditions at the factory, raise minimum age of employment for children, reduced hours at the factory, providing food for the plant's employees, set up shops to sell employee living necessities at reasonable prices, and to improve the living environment where employees lived, by building houses and roads, thus making the environment and attractive be mill. Therefore, he called Modern Management Personal. In addition, Owen more attention to workers, because according to him, the important investment for managers is its human resources,
Henry Fayol
Fayol believes the success of managers are not only determined by the quality of his personality, but because of the the use of the right management methods. The largest donations from Fayol is his view that is one skill that can be taught the basic principles and general theory which was formulated. Fayol divides its activities and operations activities into 6 types:
a. Technical (production)
b. Trade (buy, sell, Exchange)
c. Financial (searches and optimum use optimum of capital) tried to acquire capital and top)
d. Security (protection of human and property prices) and
e. Accounting
f. Management
Frederick W. Taylor
was Frederick w. Taylor was known by scientific management in an attempt to increase productivity. The famous movement is the movement of work effiHciency. Taylor's philosophy has four principles:
1. The development of scientific management correctly.
2. scientifically selected Job
3. The existence of education and scientific development of the workers.
4. good cooperation between managers and workers.
* The Approach of Human Resources
This flow arises because of dissatisfaction with the classical approach is not completely get the highest production efficiency and workplace harmony. Known figure is Elton Mayo. He found that human relationships important inter more members in determining productivity, specifically from top management boost their motivation. This phenomenon is known as the "Hawthorne Effect"
View Hawthorne Effect studies gave rise to quiet study areas iindividu and klompok in the Organization were emerging theory Abraham Maslow. Menurutmaslow there are 5 levels of human needs, namely:
1. self-actualization (expanded)
2. Tribute (homage, prestice, achievements)
3. Social (attention, a sense of belonging)
4. Security (protection and certainty)
5. Physiological (biologically, eating, drinking)
Approach of Management Science
Quantitative flow (Management Science) is a management science that berdasrkan teknik2 mathematical problem solving and decision making.
Step2 management science, namely:
1. Formulation of the problem,
2. Formulation of a mathematical model,
3. Getting the completion of the model,
4. Testing the model and the results obtained from the model,
5. Determination hasil2 supervision,
6. Implementation.
Approach to quantitative manajement include characteristics as brikut:
1. the concentration of pda pngambilan decisions and the final impact of management actions.
2. the use of economic criteria in the decision,
3. Use of mathematical model with sophisticated laws and favorable,
4. The use of computers to mempercpat the process.
Modern Management Approaches
development approaches in management science indicates that there is no one theory that can be applied universally in all situations. The development of management theory continues to adjustment as changing organizational environment ". The main foundation of this approach is a management system approach to management with contingency
1) A systems approach (systems approach)
Systems approach to management means looking at the organization as a whole entity, which consists of the "interconnected and as part of a broader xternal environment.
Systems approach to management means looking at the organization as a whole entity, which consists of the "interconnected and as part of a broader xternal environment.
This approach considers that the task manager is to identify which techniques in certain situations, under certain circumstances and at certain times will help achieve management goals
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